In cities like Sydney and Melbourne, the time is UTC +11 during daylight saving, which is 11 hours ahead of UTC.
In Brisbane, the time is UTC +10> (as daylight saving is not observed), making it one hour behind Sydney.
In Adelaide, the time is UTC +10:30, which is half an hour behind Sydney during daylight saving.
In Perth, on the west coast, the time is UTC +8, making it three hours behind Sydney during daylight saving.

Australia officially has five primary time zones: Australian Western Standard Time, Australian Central Standard Time, Australian Eastern Standard Time, Australian Central Western Time, Lord Howe Standard Time

Not all of Australia observes Daylight Saving Time (DST). DST is observed in parts of Australia, mainly in southeastern states and territories.

Major industries in Australia:

Mining: Key industry, particularly in coal, iron ore, gold, and natural gas; major contributor to exports and the national economy.

Agriculture: Large sector producing wool, wheat, beef, and dairy; highly export-oriented and vital for rural communities.

Tourism: Major sector with attractions like the Great Barrier Reef, Sydney Opera House, and outback destinations; popular among international and domestic tourists.

Financial Services: Significant industry based in Sydney and Melbourne; includes banking, insurance, and investment services with a robust international presence.

Education: Leading sector, with Australia as a popular destination for international students; strong focus on higher education and vocational training.

Manufacturing: Smaller but diverse industry, including food processing, machinery, and chemical production; mostly focused on domestic consumption.

National holidays in Australia:

New Year's Day: Celebrated on January 1st; marks the beginning of the new year.

Australia Day: Observed on January 26th; commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 and celebrates national culture and achievements.

Good Friday: Part of the Easter holiday; observed on the Friday before Easter Sunday, a day for reflection and religious observance.

Easter Monday: Celebrated the day after Easter Sunday; marks the end of the Easter holiday weekend.

Anzac Day: Observed on April 25th; honors Australian and New Zealand Army Corps members who served in wars, especially at Gallipoli during WWI.

Queen's Birthday: Celebrated on various dates across states, typically in June; honors the birthday of the British monarch.

Labour Day: Observed on different dates depending on the state; celebrates workers' rights and the eight-hour workday.

Christmas Day: Celebrated on December 25th; commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ, observed with family gatherings and festive meals.

Boxing Day: Celebrated on December 26th; a traditional day for sporting events, shopping, and relaxation after Christmas.